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When is Muharram 1448 in UK?
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When is Ramadan/Eid 1447 in UK?
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Predictions for Eid ul Fitr 1445-1455
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(by Eng. Qamar Uddin, ICOUK; dated 31 March 2026) [download pdf] | [How do lenses work?] | [FOV Calculator]
1. Introduction
We have received clear guidance (fatwa) on the use of Optical Aids for UK moon sightings, provided they are not “extraordinary”, which could show the moon when it’s invisible to the human eye[1] (e.g., CCD/CMOS imaging). Therefore, we have reviewed the recent moon sighting data from our past reports and concluded that the astronomy binoculars and telescopes listed below are suitable for UK moon sightings. They are given for guidance purposes only.
2. Optical Aids
2.1 The astronomy binoculars below have 15 to 25x magnifications with varying light-gathering capabilities that make the moon bigger and brighter, and hence easier to see with the naked eye at the eyepiece (mounted on a suitable tripod).
 Celestron Skymaster 15x70 |
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2.2 The refractor telescopes (with AZ-GTI mount) below have good-quality optics and can track the moon automatically, if it has been aligned correctly. A 400 - 500 mm FL telescope with a 10 - 25 mm eyepiece will give 20 - 50x magnification.
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Sky-Watcher |
Sky-Watcher |
Sky-Watcher |
3. Rationale
Many existing fatawa allow the use of Optical Aids for moon sightings without any restrictions, but some UK scholars seem to believe that modern Optical Aids are too powerful and could show the moon beyond the visible light range. Therefore, a clear policy on the use of Optical Aids is required, which is suitable for moon sightings but not as powerful as the Hubble or JWST Telescopes (with 500x to 600x magnification), which can show distant galaxies or nebulae! They use REFLECTION (large mirrors)[2], whereas most moon sighting optical aids are relatively low-powered, like binoculars and small telescopes (with 20x to 50x magnification), which use REFRACTION (glass lenses). Furthermore, from our recent ICOUK moon sighting reports, we have found that the minimum threshold for sighting the moon with Optical Aids is 3° altitude (in winter) and 9° elongation approx. (in spring), which are well within the naked eye visibility range.
The reason for stating the minimum lunar parameters and the type of Optical Aids commonly used is to justify them for UK Moon sightings to assist/support the naked eye, as they are not powerful enough to show the invisible moon!
DISCLAIMER: This policy document may be revised in the future without further notice.
[1] “Use of Optical Aids and Cameras for UK Moon Sightings”, Fatwa by Darul Uloom Karachi (2/2025) / [bit.ly/icoukOpticalAids]
[2] Note that Reflection (mirrors) is mainly used for digital sensors, and Refraction (lenses) is mainly used for eyepieces (optical aids).
Related: (1) Use of Optical Aids for UK Moon Sightings / (2) UK Moon Sighting Fatawa
Checked by: Hameed Mamaniat/Mufti Abdul Waheed (3/2026)
4. Fatawa from All 4 Sunni Madhabs
4.1 Malaysian Fatwa (2021)
We have received the Malaysian scholars (JAKIM) fatwa on the use of Optical Aids for moon sighting, approved by all their (Shafi) Fiqh scholars, which may be downloaded from the ICOUK website link below. [bit.ly/MalaysianFatwa2021] Note: When we asked them about their basis for changing from naked eye to Optical Aids, they informed us that there was a difference of opinion between REFLECTION (using mirrors) and REFRACTION (using lenses). Since the Optical Aids use REFRACTION technology, they are considered permissible. You can find the Fiqh references for the above rulings in the PDF document.
4.2 Libyan Fatwa (2010)
We have received a Libyan fatwa on the use of Optical Aids for moon sighting (according to the Maliki Madhab), which may be downloaded from the ICOUK website at the link below. [bit.ly/LibyanFatwa2010] Note: When we asked the HialFrance scholars what their Fiqh ruling was for allowing Optical Aids. They told us they follow the Maliki Madhab, which allows the use of Optical Aids. You can find the Fiqh references for the above rulings in the PDF document.
4.3 Ibn Bazz Fatwa (1990)
Is using a telescope to confirm the crescent moon of Ramadan an innovation (bid'ah)? We have received a Saudi fatwa on the use of Optical Aids for moon sighting (according to the Hanbali Madhab), which may be downloaded from the ICOUK website link below. [IbnBazzFatwa1990x] Note: The fatwa makes it clear that using Optical Aids is permissible, just like using cars, airplanes, telephones, etc., in our lives, and they are not bid'ah (or against the Sunnah) in Islamic law!
4.4 South African Fatwa (2016)
Optical Aid to Sight the New Moon: We have received a South African fatwa on the use of Optical Aids for moon sighting (according to Hanafi Madhab), which may be downloaded from the ICOUK website link below. [bit.ly/HanafiFatwa2016] Note: All the 4 Sunni Madhabs allow Optical Aids for moon sightings in general. The difference between old and new fatawa is based on REFLECTION and REFRACTION. You can find the Fiqh references for the above rulings in the PDF document.
If you have any comments regarding the above article, please email us via our on-line Contact Us form.
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By Eng. Qamar Uddin, ICOUK; dated 2 February 2026 [download pdf]
The predicted crescent visibility map on the ICOUK website indicates that on Thursday, 19th March 2026, the Shawwal 1447 AH moon may be visible to the naked eye in the UK to Morocco region (after locating it with Optical Aids).
Therefore, many people will be looking for the Shawwal moon on that date (29th Ramadan) as per Sunnah, and to confirm if the moon can or cannot be sighted by the naked eye or Optical Aids.
From our past UK moon sighting experience, the Shawwal Hilal will be possible to be sighted with Optical Aids (i.e., binoculars or telescopes), and then it may be sighted with the naked eye, if the weather is clear (HMNAO Code C).
It is important to report all moon sightings to the ICOUK website with whatever methods used (with naked eye or Optical Aids) and the weather conditions. The complete report with all the necessary information will help a rapid decision to be made (preferably with multiple witnesses) to start the month without undue delays.
The Quran states that the months begin with the sighting of the crescent moons (2:189), and the Hadith states that it must be observed with the human eye (Ruyat) and not solely by calculations of visibility (Hisab).
There is a difference of opinion between the UK moon sighters about whether Optical Aids should be accepted or not. The ICOUK ulama are of the view that it should be accepted (based on many past and present fatawa), InshaAllah.
The question arises if using Optical Aids is Sunnah or not, which means did the Prophet (ﷺ) use it himself, tell others to use it, or approve others doing it. This question is better answered by the fatawa from senior Ulama (see references), but please consider the following points.
The Prophet (ﷺ) did not use loudspeakers in congregational prayers (Quran 2:43), yet the senior Ulama have permitted to do so [as long as the original voice of the Imam is not altered]. Similarly, the Prophet (ﷺ) advised the Muslims to walk to the masjid on Fridays and not ride (Hadith), yet the senior Ulama have permitted riding/driving to the masjid. Another similar example can be given about the Prophet (ﷺ) riding a camel to Hajj, yet the senior Ulama have permitted the use of motor cars and aeroplanes to travel to Hajj.
Therefore, it is not against Sunnah to use Optical Aids for moon sightings as long as they meet all other conditions of Ruyat (see testimony procedure). In fact, it is recommended to do so, because the purpose of sighting by the human eye is to have certainty (and not be in doubt due to clouds), which the Optical Aids help to achieve by making the object bigger and brighter (at low costs) for the peace of mind (اطمینانِ قلب).
Note that the vast majority of the Muslim countries allow/approve the use of Optical Aids, and those few that do not are probably due to the lack of training and equipment. For example, the senior Ulama in Bangladesh allow the use of Optical Aids, but they do not currently use them, and are in the process of doing so in the future (to overcome clouds). [Ref: Meeting between Eng. Qamar Uddin and Mufti Abdul Malek (and other Ulama) in Dhaka, 31/1/2026]
References (Hanafi, Shafi, Maliki, Hanbali):
1.[ bit.ly/UseofOpticalAids]| 2.[bit.ly/TestimonyPolicy]| 3.[bit.ly/StandstillsQA]| 4.[Karachi: bit.ly/icoukOpticalAids]|
5.[Hanbali bit.ly/IbnBazzFatwa1990x]| 6.[Maliki bit.ly/LibyanFatwa2010]| 7.[Shafi bit.ly/MalaysianFatwa2021]| 8.[Hanafi bit.ly/chcOpticalAids]
Checked by: Maulana Abdullah Ahmed (2/2026)
If you have any comments regarding the above article, please email us via our on-line Contact Us form.